To many, zombies are an entertaining factor in modern horror films and TV shows – the recently deceased rising from their grave to wreak havoc and create fear. But in certain parts of the world, they are commonplace in folklore, and have been for centuries.
A study conducted by Historic England and the University of Southampton has concluded that residents of the abandoned medieval village of Wharram Percy, in North Yorkshire, mutilated corpses because they feared the rise of the dead.
The archaeologists studied 137 bone samples found in pits in the village – from at least ten adults, teenagers, and children – first excavated in the 1960s (but not extensively studied until now). One early theory for these wounds was that they were bodies of Romano-British settlers and outdated the village, but this has since been proved wrong as the skeletons date from the period between the 11th and 14th century.
The possibility of the bodies being outsiders massacred by the villagers has also been disproved, as Alistair Pike (professor of Archaeological Sciences at the University of Southampton) explains: “Strontium isotopes in teeth reflect the geology on which an individual was living as their teeth formed in childhood. A match between the isotopes in the teeth and the geology around Wharram Percy suggests they grew up in an area close to where they were buried, possibly in the village. This was surprising to us as we first wondered if the unusual treatment of the bodies might relate to their being from further afield rather than local.”
Evidence of cannibalism has been found at English sites where famine was rife, and this could have been the case, but the mutilations should be all over the bodies at the joints, not just around the head.
What we must remember is that the medieval view of the world was very different to how we see it now. Medieval sources indicate that it was believed evil or cursed individuals could rise from their graves and harm the living, or spread disease. Because of this, several “remedies” for preventing the rise of the dead were well-known in medieval times. These included decapitating the corpses or burning the skeletons.
The condition of the skeletons found at Wharram Percy shows the corpses were both decapitated AND burned soon after death. As Simon Mays, a skeletal biologist at Historic England, concludes: “The idea that the Wharram Percy bones are the remains of corpses burnt and dismembered to stop them walking from their graves seems to fit the evidence best. If we are right, then this is the first good archaeological evidence we have for this practice.”
If they are right, what a find this could turn out to be.
